With over 100 local chapters worldwide and hundreds of individual and organisational members, ISOC is an organisation that has great outreach and influence in advocacy, policy-shaping, and capacity building. Its work focuses on four main dimensions: supporting and advocating for public policies that aim at an open, accessible and sustainable Internet; facilitating the open development of standards, protocols, administration, and the technical infrastructure of the Internet; fostering growth and access to technology by bringing information, training, and partnerships to people and communities across the globe, and by assisting developing countries to build basic Internet infrastructures; and engaging in capacity building activities in the areas of digital literacy and Internet governance. Some of ISOC's major capacity building initiatives include: Inforum (an online learining platform providing courses on issues such as: history and future of the Internet, spam an online threats, network operations, etc.), the Next Generation Leaders Programme (designed to help Internet develop their leadership potential at the intersection of technology, business, policy, and education), and the Internet Governance Forum Ambassador Programme (providing fellowships for individuals to attend annual IGF meetings).
ISOC is also a parent corporation of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).